Why can lead-acid batteries be transported as ordinary goods in international logistics under superpower conditions, while lithium batteries cannot?

The special provision 238(a) in Chapter 3.3 of the United Nations “Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations” mainly pertains to the transport requirements for dangerous goods such as lead-acid batteries.

Power banks are classified as miscellaneous dangerous goods in Class 9 of the International Air Transport Association’s Dangerous Goods Regulations. These items typically contain lithium batteries, which are unstable and can easily cause safety incidents due to improper handling or environmental changes (such as temperature and pressure variations).

The MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for batteries is a technical document that details the battery’s composition, hazards, safe handling, emergency procedures, and other information to guide safety management in production, transportation, storage, and usage. Below are the core contents of a general battery MSDS (using the common “lithium-ion battery” as an example; different types of batteries should refer to specific product instructions).

In today’s thriving new energy industry, lithium batteries, as key energy storage carriers, are widely used in various fields such as consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage stations. To ensure the safety of lithium battery transportation, the United Nations has established the UN38.3 certification, which will undergo significant changes in 2025.

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